Malabar Pied Hornbill
| Malabar Pied Hornbill | |
|---|---|
 | |
| In Karwar district, Karnataka, India | |
| Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Coraciiformes |
| Family: | Bucerotidae |
| Genus: | Anthracoceros |
| Species: | A. coronatus |
| Binomial name | |
| Anthracoceros coronatus (Boddaert, 1783) | |
The Malabar Pied Hornbill (Anthracoceros coronatus) also known as lesser Pied Hornbill, is a hornbill. Hornbills are a family of tropical near-passerine birds found in the Old World.
The Malabar Pied Hornbill is a common resident breeder in tropical southern Asia from India and Sri Lanka east to Borneo. Its habitat is evergreen and moist deciduous forests, often near human settlements.
During incubation, the female lays two or three white eggs in a tree hole, which is blocked off with a cement made of mud, droppings and fruit pulp. There is only one narrow aperture, just big enough for the male to transfer food to the mother and the chicks.
When the chicks have grown too large for the mother to fit in the nest with them, the mother breaks out and rebuilds the wall, after which both parents feed the chicks.
The Malabar Pied Hornbill is a large hornbill, at 65 cm in length. It has mainly black plumage apart from its white belly, throat patch, tail sides and trailing edge to the wings. The bill is yellow with a large, mainly black casque. Females have white orbital skin which is not there in case of Males. Juveniles don't have the casque.
This species is omnivorous, taking fruits, small mammals, birds, small reptiles, insects etc. Prey is killed and swallowed whole. Figs form an important part of their diet and contribute to 60% of their diet from May to February, the non-breeding season and during breeding (March to April) up to 75% of the fruits delivered at the nest were figs. They also feed on other fruits including those of the Strychnos nux-vomica that are known to be toxic to many vertebrates.
A study comparing population over a 23 year period at Dandeli found no significant change.
In central India, tribals believed that hanging a skull of the hornbill (known as dhanchidiya) brought wealth.
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