>Prunella fagani (Arabian Accentor)

Arabian Accentor

Arabian Accentor
Conservation status
Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Prunellidae
Genus:	Prunella
Species:	P. fagani
Binomial name
Prunella fagani (Ogilvie-Grant, 1913)

The Arabian Accentor or Yemen Accentor (Prunella fagani) is a species of bird in thePrunellidae family. It is endemic to Yemen.

Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

>Prunella immaculata (Maroon-backed Accentor)

Maroon-backed Accentor

Maroon-backed Accentor
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Prunellidae
Genus:	Prunella
Species:	P. immaculata
Binomial name
Prunella immaculata (Hodgson, 1845)

The Maroon-backed Accentor (Prunella immaculata) is a species of bird in the Prunellidaefamily. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, and Nepal.

Its natural habitat is temperate forests.

>Prunella rubida (Japanese Accentor)

Japanese Accentor

Japanese Accentor
An illustration from Fauna Japonica
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Prunellidae
Genus:	Prunella
Species:	P. rubida
Binomial name
Prunella rubida (Temminck & Schlegel, 1848)

The Japanese Accentor (Prunella rubida) is a species of bird in the Prunellidae family. It is found in Japan and Russia.

Its natural habitat is temperate forests.

>Prunella modularis (Dunnock)

Dunnock

Dunnock
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Prunellidae
Genus:	Prunella
Species:	P. modularis
Binomial name
Prunella modularis (Linnaeus, 1758)

The Dunnock, Prunella modularis, is a small passerine
 bird found throughout temperate Europeand into Asia. It is by far the most widespread member of the accentor family, which otherwise consists of mountain species. It is sometimes called the Hedge Accentor, Hedge Sparrow orHedge Warbler.

It is a resident in the milder west and south of its range, but as an insectivore, must migratesouth from the colder parts of its range. It is a bird of woodland, shrub and gardens. It builds a neat nest low in a bush or conifer, laying 3-5 unspotted blue eggs.

It is a host of the Common Cuckoo. It is likely that this association is recent, since other Cuckoo hosts have learned to discriminate between eggs, and the Cuckoo has consequently evolved eggs that match those of its host. In the case of the Dunnock, there is no resemblance, yet the Cuckoo eggs are accepted.

This is a Robin-sized bird, 13.5–14 cm in length, fairly drab in appearance, and somewhat resembling a small House Sparrow with its streaked back and general shape. It is also brownish underneath, and has a fine pointed bill. Adults have a grey head. The sexes are similarly coloured. They were introduced to New Zealand between 1867 and 1882 and now breed throughout the country including on the Chatham, Antipodes, Auckland and Campbell islands.

This species makes up for its drab appearance with its breeding behaviour. Females are oftenpolyandrous, breeding with two males at once, and thus giving rise to sperm competition. Males compete for mating access to the female, but DNA fingerprinting has shown that chicks within broods often have different fathers, depending on their success at monopolising access to the fertile female. Males try to ensure their paternity during courtship by pecking at the cloaca of the female to stimulate her to eject the sperm of other males with whom the female has recently mated. Males provide parental care in proportion to their mating success, so it is not uncommon to see two males and a female provisioning nestlings at one nest. Polyandry is rare in birds, with only about 2% of species showing such a mating system; the majority are monogamous, where one male and one female breed together.

The main call is a shrill, persistent "tseep" and a high trilling note,which often betray the bird's otherwise inconspicuous presence. The song is rapid, thin and tinkling, a sweet warble which can be confused with the Wren but is shorter and weaker.The Wren's song incorporates repeated trill sounds but the Dunnock's does not. While the Dunnock's bubbling song is very pleasant, it has been described as being similar to a squeaky trolley wheel.

Gallery

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  Adult in winter
 
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>Prunella koslowi (Kozlov's Accentor)

Kozlov's Accentor

Kozlov's Accentor
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Prunellidae
Genus:	Prunella
Species:	P. koslowi
Binomial name
Prunella koslowi (Przewalski, 1887)

The Kozlov's Accentor or Mongolian Accentor (Prunella koslowi) is a species of bird in thePrunellidae family. It is found in China and Mongolia.

>Prunella atrogularis (Black-throated Accentor)

Black-throated Accentor

Black-throated Accentor
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Prunellidae
Genus:	Prunella
Species:	P. atrogularis
Binomial name
Prunella atrogularis (Brandt, 1844)

The Black-throated Accentor , Prunella atrogularis, is a small passerine bird found across temperate and subarctic Asia. It is migratory, wintering in India and other parts of southern Asia. It is a rare vagrant in western Europe.The Black-throated Accentor 

builds a neat nest low in spruce thickets, laying 3-5 unspotted blue eggs. It winters in scrub or cultivation.This is a Dunnock-sized bird, 13.5–14 cm in length. It has a streaked dark brown back, somewhat resembling a House Sparrow, but adults have a black crown, face patch and throat, and a whitesupercilium. The breast is orange, and the belly white with orange stripes. Like other accentors, this species has an insectivore's fine pointed bill.Sexes are similar, but winter birds and juveniles are less contrasted. In particular, the dark throat may be almost absent in young birds.

The call is a fine ti-ti-ti, and the song is similar to the Dunnock’s pleasant twittering.

>Prunella ocularis (Radde's Accentor)

Radde's Accentor

Radde's Accentor
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Prunellidae
Genus:	Prunella
Species:	P. ocularis
Binomial name
Prunella ocularis (Radde, 1884)

The Radde's Accentor (Prunella ocularis) is a species of bird in the Prunellidae family. It is found in Armenia, Azerbaijan, 
Georgia, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan,  Lebanon,  Pakistan, Russia,Syria, and Turkey.

Its natural habitat is temperate grassland.

>Prunella fulvescens (Brown Accentor)

Brown Accentor

Brown Accentor
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Prunellidae
Genus:	Prunella
Species:	P. fulvescens
Binomial name
Prunella fulvescens (Severtsov, 1873)

The Brown Accentor (Prunella fulvescens) is a species of bird in the Prunellidae family. It is found in Afghanistan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan,
 Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

Its natural habitat is Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation.

>Prunella montanella (Siberian Accentor)

Siberian Accentor

Siberian Accentor
P. montanella (top) and P. modularis (bottom)
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Prunellidae
Genus:	Prunella
Species:	P. montanella
Binomial name
Prunella montanella (Pallas, 1776)

The Siberian Accentor, Prunella montanella, is a small passerine bird which breeds in northern Siberia on both sides of the Urals. It is migratory, wintering in southeast Asia. It is a rare vagrant in western Europe.

This is a Dunnock-sized bird, 13-14.5 cm in length. It has a streaked reddish-brown back, but adults have a brownish-black crown, dark cheeks, and a buff supercilium. The entire underside is yellowish rusty-buff. Like other accentors, this species has an insectivore's fine pointed bill.

The call is a fine ti-ti-ti, and the song is similar to the Dunnock’s pleasant twittering.

>Prunella strophiata (Rufous-breasted Accentor)

Rufous-breasted Accentor

Rufous-breasted Accentor
At Biskeri (11,000 ft) in Kullu - Manali District of Himachal Pradesh, India.
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Prunellidae
Genus:	Prunella
Species:	P. strophiata
Binomial name
Prunella strophiata (Blyth, 1843)

The Rufous-breasted Accentor (Prunella strophiata) is a species of bird in the Prunellidaefamily, endemic to the Himalayas, descending in the winter to lower-to-middle altitudes. It is found in Afghanistan, Bhutan, Tibet, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan.

Its natural habitat is temperate forests.

>Prunella rubeculoides (Robin Accentor)

Robin Accentor

Robin Accentor
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Prunellidae
Genus:	Prunella
Species:	P. rubeculoides
Binomial name
Prunella rubeculoides (Moore, 1854)

The Robin Accentor (Prunella rubeculoides) is a species of bird in the Prunellidae family. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Nepal, and Pakistan.

>Prunella himalayana (Altai Accentor)

Altai Accentor

Altai Accentor
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Prunellidae
Genus:	Prunella
Species:	P. himalayana
Binomial name
Prunella himalayana (Blyth, 1842)

The Rufous-streaked Accentor or Altai Accentor, (Prunella himalayana) is a species of bird in the Prunellidae family. It is found
in Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Nepal,Pakistan,
 Russia, Tajikistan, Tibet and Turkmenistan.

>>> Family Prunellidae >> Genus Prunella >Prunella collaris (Alpine Accentor)

Alpine Accentor

Alpine Accentor
Alpine Accentor (adult)
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Suborder:	Passeri
Infraorder:	Passerida
Superfamily:	Passeroidea
Family:	Prunellidae
Genus:	Prunella
Species:	P. collaris
Binomial name
Prunella collaris (Scopoli, 1769)

The Alpine Accentor, Prunella collaris, is a small passerine bird found throughout the mountains of southern temperate Europe and Asia at heights above 2000 m. It is mainly resident, wintering more widely at lower latitudes, but some birds wander as rare vagrants as far as Great Britain.

It is a bird of bare mountain areas with some low vegetation. It builds a neat nest low in a bush or rock crevice, laying 3-5 unspotted sky-blue eggs.

This is a Robin-sized bird at 15-17.5 cm in length, slightly larger than its relative, the Dunnock. It has a streaked brown back, somewhat resembling a House Sparrow, but adults have a grey head and red-brown spotting on the underparts. It has an insectivore's fine pointed bill.

Sexes are similar, although the male may be contrasted in appearance. Young birds have browner heads and underparts.

The mating system is of particular interest. Home ranges are occupied by breeding groups of 3 or 4 males with 3 or 4 females. These are unrelated birds which have a sociallypolygynandrous mating system. Males have a dominance hierarchy, with the alpha males being generally older than subordinates. Females seek matings with all the males, although the alpha male may defend her against matings from lower ranking males. In turn, males seek matings with all the females. DNA fingerprinting has been used to show that, within broods, there is often mixed paternity, although the female is always the true mother of the nestlings raised within her nest. Males will provide food to chicks at several nests within the group, depending on whether they have mated with the female or not - males only provide care when they are likely to be the true fathers of the chicks.